A pipe-like construction of concrete or metal that takes a stream under a road, railroad track, footpath, or through an embankment.
An area where rivers and ocean waters interact, mixing fresh and salt water. Such areas include bays, mouths of rivers, salt marshes, and lagoons. Estuaries shelter and feed marine life, birds, and wildlife.
A place where eggs (especially fish or poultry) are hatched and reared under artificial conditions.
Forms in rivers when a large tree falls into the water and becomes embedded in the river bottom, then acts like a net that captures additional logs and debris moving downstream. Creates or enhances fish habitat.
Manmade logjams that are designed to imitate natural logjams. Built to restore fish habitat and treat problems such as bank erosion and flooding.
Good culvert design allows fish to pass through.
These changes to the estuary have altered the Lummi way of life and diminished the salmon population that sustained them.
The Lummi know that restoring places where salmon live will give salmon a chance to thrive once again.
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How are the people of this Native community working to repair the damage to the environment?
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“We’re not just stepping back and letting it happen. We’re stepping up and doing something about it.”
“Bringing back the habitat will bring back the fish.”
Engineered logjams duplicate natural features that create good habitat for salmon. 2010
“And now we are putting logjams back in.”
The Lummis fix riparian habitat to cool the water, stop erosion, and give fish a healthy place to live. 2010
“We do the interplanting to reintroduce conifers into areas where there are no conifers.”
Culverts need to be large enough to allow spawning salmon to pass through. 1982
“On the upper watershed, we have worked in a lot of drainage-improvement projects.”
By raising fish until they can safely be released into rivers, hatcheries help increase the population. 2008
“Well, we work in a hatchery where...they are fed until they become a size where they can be released into the ocean to go and mature and return back to where they came from.”
Farms have to meet rigorous requirements to be designated “salmon friendly.” 2010